Disease Associated with Clinically Diagnosed Untreated Patient of Alopecia Areata Dr

Background: To study the disease associated with clinically diagnosed untreated patient of Alopecia Areata. Methods: The prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 selected alopecia areata patient’s data were recorded in proforma as epidemiological data (name, age, sex &occupation), relevant history, clinical examination including general, systemic and cutaneous examination, laboratory investigation, treatment history and characteristic lesion were also like; Number of patches, distribution, pattern, morphology, and characteristic dermatoscopic finding were noted Results: In our study 20.90% patients were present with associated disease, maximum (15.45%) patients were present with atopy followed by 2.72% thyroid disease, 0.91% diabetic, down syndrome, psoriasis respectively. Conclusion: Majority of patients were associated with atopy.


Introduction
Alopecia is a general term for hair loss. Alopecia areata is a common cause of non-scarring (does not cause scarring to the scalp) hair loss that can occur at any age. It usually causes small, coinsized, round patches of baldness on the scalp, although hair elsewhere such as the beard, eyebrows, eyelashes, body and limbs can be affected. In some people larger areas are affected and occasionally it can involve the whole scalp (alopecia totalis) or even the entire body and scalp (alopecia universalis). It is not possible to predict how much hair will be lost. Regrowth of hair in typical alopecia areata is usual over a period of months or sometimes years, but cannot be guaranteed. The chances of the hair regrowing are better if less hair is lost at the beginning. Most people, with only a few small patches get full regrowth within a year. If more than half the hair is lost then the chances of a full recovery are not good. The hair sometimes regrows white, at least in the first instance. Most people get further attacks of alopecia areata. In alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis, the likelihood of total regrowth is less. [1][2][3][4]

Material and Methods
The prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 selected alopecia areata patient's data were recorded in proforma as epidemiological data (name, age, sex &occupation), relevant history, clinical examination including general, systemic and cutaneous examination, laboratory investigation, treatment history and characteristic lesion were also like; Number of patches, distribution, pattern, morphology, and characteristic dermatoscopic finding were noted. Inclusion criteria: • All clinically diagnosed case of AA • Who had given informed consent • Untreated patient.

Exclusion Criteria:
• Patient who had already treated and refused to examine.

Data Analysis:
To collect required information from eligible patients a pre-structured pre-tested proforma was used. For data analysis Microsoft excel and statistical software Epi-info was used and data were analyzed with the help of frequencies, figures, proportions, measures of central tendency.  In our study maximum (15.00%) patients were present with atopy followed by 3.00% thyroid disease, 2.00% diabetic, down syndrome, psoriasis respectively.

Discussion
Alopecia areta (AA) is an autoimmune disease which frequently starts in childhood. 5,6 It has variable presentation not only in the time of onset but also in the duration, extent, and pattern of hair loss. 7,8 Moreover, the course of disease is unpredictable as such there is spontaneous regrowth of hair occurring in 80% of patients within the 1 st year and sudden relapse in some patients. 9,10 Due to the clinical variability and unpredictable nature of disease, diagnosis and management may be difficult and challenging. Nowadays, dermoscopy is used for the evaluation of hair loss either scarring or nonscarring. Dermoscopic finding helps in diagnosing different cause of hair loss and obviate unnecessary biopsies 11 Globally, the incidence of Alopecia Areata varies from 0.57% to 3.8%. 12 In India, it is 0.7% according to a hospital-based study. 3 The mean age of onset of Alopecia Areata is in the fourth decade of life. However, in Beard alopecia areata the onset of disease can occur over a wide range of ages. 4 In our study, it was 23.76±12.50 years, which is in accordance with the mean age of 39.1 years as reported by Saceda-Corralo et al. 13 The mean age of participants was 26.32 years and similar result observed by with Rudnicka et al.'s study, Karain's study (25 years), and also in Karadağ Köse and Güleç's study (25.15 years). 14,15

Conclusion
Majority of patients were associated with atopy