A Prospective Study on Macular Thickness Changes Following Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery in Diabetic Patients Using OCT

Abstract

Background: Cataract surgery in diabetic patients often results in postoperative changes in macular thickness, potentially impacting visual recovery. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) provides a reliable means to monitor these changes. While previous studies suggest a temporary thickening of the macula after surgery, the extent and clinical significance of these changes remain unclear.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate macular thickness changes following uncomplicated cataract surgery in diabetic patients using OCT and to identify any factors influencing the postoperative recovery process.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 100 diabetic patients undergoing uncomplicated cataract surgery. Macular thickness was measured using OCT preoperatively, and at one month and three months postoperatively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0, with paired t-tests to compare pre- and postoperative thickness values, and subgroup analyses to examine the impact of diabetes duration, age, and sex on outcomes.

Results: The mean macular thickness increased from 252 ± 20.3 microns at baseline to 264 ± 24.8 microns at one month postoperatively (p<0.01). By three months, the mean thickness decreased to 254 ± 22.7 microns, showing no statistically significant difference from baseline (p=0.18). No significant variations in thickness changes were observed across different age groups, sexes, or diabetes duration categories.

Conclusion: Macular thickening following cataract surgery in diabetic patients appears to be a transient phenomenon, peaking at one month and resolving by three months postoperatively. This self-limiting process does not seem to be influenced by age, sex, or diabetes duration.

Recommendations: Routine OCT imaging within the first postoperative month can help monitor macular changes in diabetic patients, facilitating early intervention if needed. Further studies exploring preventive strategies and their cost-effectiveness are recommended.

Keywords: Diabetes, cataract surgery, macular thickness, optical coherence tomography, postoperative changes