International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs <p><strong>Aims and Scope</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies (IJMBS) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access, online journal dedicated to the rapid publication of full-length original research papers, short communications, invited reviews, Case studies and editorial commentary and news, Opinions &amp; Perspectives and Book Reviews written at the invitation of the Editor in all areas of the Medical and Biomedical Studies.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies is an academic journal which aims to publish complete and reliable source of information in the field of medical research providing the fundamental knowledge for further research. <em>IJMBS</em> commits to publish the results of researches in medical practice, risk factors and preventive medicine, safety and effectiveness of treatments, and diagnostic tools that are used to treat any disease. Our journal aims to attract an international audience of Medicine professionals enthusiastic to the most updated and substantial medical progress through the full spectrum of medical research.</p> <hr /> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lucida sans unicode,lucida grande,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>Medical Studies|| Biomedical Studies || </strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lucida sans unicode,lucida grande,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">Anatomy, Physiology, Anesthesia,<strong> </strong>Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Cell biology, Genetics, Hematology, Pathology, Immunology, Microbiology, Virology, Parasitology, Surgery, Dental Sciences, Sports Physiology, Histopathology, Toxicology and all major disciplines of Biomedical Sciences, Pharmacokinetics, Molecular Drug Design, Phytochemistry, Toxicology, Biomedical Analysis, Clinical Research, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Agriculture, Herbal Medicine, Orthopaedics and all major disciplines of Medical and Biomedical Studies.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lucida sans unicode,lucida grande,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">Articles are published as they are accepted and are freely available on the journal’s website to facilitate rapid and broad dissemination of research findings to a global audience.</span></span></p> <hr /> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'lucida sans unicode', 'lucida grande', sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Top Reasons for publication with us</strong></p> <hr /> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lucida sans unicode,lucida grande,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>Quick Quality Review:</strong> The journal has strong international team of editors and reviewers, Rapid Decision and Publication</span></span></p> <hr /> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lucida sans unicode,lucida grande,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'lucida sans unicode', 'lucida grande', sans-serif;">Other features:</strong> DIDS and DOI: Assigned and Implemented the Open Review System (ORS).</span></span></p> <hr /> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lucida sans unicode,lucida grande,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>Important Notice:</strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lucida sans unicode,lucida grande,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">Author can now directly send their manuscript as an email attachment to <strong><span style="color: #008000;">editor@ijmbs.info</span></strong></span></span></p> <hr /> <p> </p> en-US editor@ijmbs.info (IJMBS) editorijmbs.info@gmail.com (IJMBS) Mon, 13 Jan 2025 05:24:42 +0000 OJS 3.2.1.1 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Open Reduction Internal Fixation Treatment of Unilateral Condyle Fracture of Mandible: a Case Report https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2921 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Introduction:</strong> Condyle fracture is a fracture of the mandible which is quite common. Treatment of mandibular fractures can be with open reduction or closed reduction. This situation can be obtained by opening the fracture fragments, obtaining a normal relationship and fixing on its position. The goal of surgical treatment of fractures is to return the fracture fragments to their anatomical position. Surgical treatment can be intraoral or extraoral approach. The aim of this case report is to discuss the management of a patient with an unilateral condylar fracture of mandible through open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with an extraoral approach using the risdon technique.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Case:</strong> We report a case with complaints of pain when opening the mouth and limited mouth opening. Two and a half months prior to admission the patient had an accident but he refused ORIF treatment. One and a half months prior to admission, he complained of pain when opening his mouth and limited mouth opening. He had no infection and was diagnosed with Neglected fracture of left condyle.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Case Management:</strong> We performed head CT Scan to establish the diagnose. One day before the surgery, an interdental wiring fixation was performed to prepare for ORIF treatment. We performed ORIF with an extraoral approach using risdon technique. During the surgery we performed refracture and fixation using plate and screws. We followed up this patient until five months after the surgery. The result was acceptable and his complaints was resolved.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> ORIF is the treatment of choice for neglected condylar fractures.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Keyword: Unilateral subcondyle fracture, Neglected condylar fractures, Open Reduction and</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Internal Fixation</strong> (ORIF), Extra oral approach, Risdon technique</p> Marini Sundari, Asri Arumsari, Indra Hadikhrisna Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2921 Tue, 28 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Effectiveness of Paracetamol in Treating Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Newborns https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2922 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Background:</strong> Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common condition in preterm infants, often requiring medical intervention for closure. Traditional treatments such as indomethacin and ibuprofen are associated with adverse effects, prompting the exploration of alternative therapies. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) has emerged as a potential alternative with a favorable safety profile, but its efficacy in preterm infants remains under investigation.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of paracetamol in the management of hemodynamically significant PDA in preterm newborns, focusing on ductal closure rates, respiratory improvement, and the need for further interventions.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective observational study was conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College &amp; Hospital, enrolling 50 preterm infants diagnosed with hemodynamically significant PDA. Paracetamol (15 mg/kg iv every 6 hours) was administered for 120 hours. Clinical outcomes, including PDA closure, respiratory status, and the need for additional treatments, were monitored. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 50 infants, 35 (70%) achieved complete PDA closure after 120 hours of paracetamol therapy. Respiratory improvement was observed in 28 (56%) infants, with a reduction in oxygen requirements. The mean duration of paracetamol treatment was 4.8 ± 0.9 days, and the mean NICU stay was 14.3 ± 3.2 days. No severe adverse events were noted, though 3 (6%) infants experienced mild transient liver enzyme elevation.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Paracetamol was found to be an effective treatment for PDA in preterm infants, with high closure rates and a favorable safety profile compared to traditional treatments. It may serve as a viable alternative to indomethacin or surgical ligation in managing PDA.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Recommendations:</strong> Paracetamol should be considered as a first-line pharmacological treatment for PDA in preterm infants, particularly in cases where traditional treatments are contraindicated or carry a high risk of adverse effects. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings and assess long-term outcomes.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Keywords:</strong> Paracetamol, Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Preterm Infants, Pharmacological Treatment, Neonatal Care.</p> Babita Kumari, Shatrughan Prasad, Jitendra Kumar Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2922 Mon, 13 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Neglected Fractures of The Mandibular Parasymphysis : Case Report. https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2924 <p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><strong><span style="color: #0e101a;">Introduction:</span></strong><span style="color: #0e101a;"> Neglected mandibular fractures can interfere with mastication, swallowing, speech, and facial appearance. Neglected fractures also make treatment procedures difficult. Correct diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications. <strong>Case report:</strong> A 22-year-old male patient came with a complaint of a fracture of the mandible, which was caused by a traffic accident about three weeks previously and had not been treated. The diagnosis, in this case, was a neglected fracture in the left mandibular parasymphysis region, with clinical symptoms of malocclusion characterized by an edge-to-edge incisor relationship and a cusp-to-cusp relationship of the right posterior teeth. The treatment carried out was ORIF with the installation of 2 titanium plates which had previously been refractured at the fracture line. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Neglected mandibular fractures can occur due to slow or inappropriate treatment. In treating neglected fractures, refracturing is necessary to obtain optimal occlusion and function. ORIF treatment, in this case, is the treatment of choice with optimal results and minimal complications</span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="color: #0e101a;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><strong><em><span style="color: #0e101a;">Keywords:</span></em></strong><span style="color: #0e101a;"> mandibular fracture, parasymphysis, open reduction, neglected fracture</span></p> Endang Sjamsudin, Seto Adiantoro, Fatharani Salsabila Azzahra, Anisah Rifda Salsabila, Maulida Famtahani Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2924 Mon, 27 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Comparative Study of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Patients with and Without Metabolic Syndrome https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2928 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Background:</strong> A group of metabolic abnormalities known as metabolic syndrome (MetS) greatly raises the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular illnesses. People with MetS frequently have subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), which is defined by high levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with normal free thyroxine (T4). The research examined the relationship between thyroid function and metabolic parameters, as well as to assess the incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with and without MetS.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Methods:</strong> There were 960 participants in all, 480 of whom had a diagnosis of MetS and 480 of whom were healthy controls. Blood pressure and waist circumference were measured clinically. After an overnight fast, blood samples were taken utilising fully automated clinical chemistry and hormone analyzers to assay lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and thyroid function tests (T3, T4, and TSH). The Pearson correlation coefficient and Student's t-test were used to analyse the data.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Results:</strong> Statistically, there was a significant variation in the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism between the MetS group (16.3%) and the control group (5%; p &lt; 0.001). In addition to having decreased HDL cholesterol, MetS patients also had higher FBG, blood pressure, triglycerides, and waist circumference. TSH levels and the elements of MetS, such as waist circumference (r = 0.41, p &lt; 0.001), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.38, p &lt; 0.001), FBG(r = 0.44, p &lt; 0.001), triglycerides (r = 0.39, p &lt; 0.001), and HDL cholesterol (r = -0.32, p &lt; 0.001), were found to be significantly correlated with each other.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results of the study indicate that people with metabolic syndrome have a higher incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism, which may indicate a relationship between thyroid function and metabolic health. Regular thyroid function testing could help improve clinical outcomes by enabling early detection and management of SCH in MetS patients.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Recommendations: When treating patients with metabolic syndrome, healthcare professionals should think about doing routine thyroid function tests. To manage thyroid dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), further research is required to investigate the underlying mechanisms and create tailored therapies.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Metabolic Syndrome, Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Thyroid Function, Cardiovascular Risk, Metabolic Health</span></p> Satyabrata Sahoo, Rakesh Chandra Behera, Sunita Sethy, Tushar Kantee Behera Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2928 Sat, 25 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 The Prevalence of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Subclinical Hypothyroidism Patients https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2929 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Background:</strong> Elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels together with normal blood levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) are the hallmarks of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). SCH is common, especially in older persons and women, and it has been linked to a number of harmful cardiovascular consequences, such as left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). The study investigated the incidence of LVDD in females with SCH and identify key predictors of this condition.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 1,248 female patients aged 20 to 50 years with SCH were included. Inclusion criteria were elevated TSH (5-10 micro unit/L) with normal FT3 (2.77-5.27 pg/ml) and FT4 (0.78-2.19 ng/dl) levels. Patients underwent 2D Echocardiography to assess LVDD. Descriptive statistics, chi-square testing, and logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the data.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Result:</strong> LVDD was identified in 25% of the patients. The prevalence increased with age, being highest (28.2%) in the 40-50 age group. Significant associations were found between thyroid function and LVDD, with higher TSH and lower FT3 and FT4 levels linked to increased LVDD risk (p&lt;0.001). Echocardiographic parameters showed higher LV mass and wall thickness in LVDD patients. Doppler echocardiographic parameters indicated impaired diastolic function. Logistic regression identified age, serum FT3, serum FT4, serum TSH levels, LV mass index, and E/A ratio as independent predictors of LVDD.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Female SCH patients have high rates of LVDD, which is linked to thyroid function. Older age and greater TSH were risk factors for LVDD, but higher FT3 and FT4 were protective. SCH individuals with LVDD had significant heart structural and functional abnormalities on echocardiography.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Recommendations:</strong> Regular cardiovascular screening and proactive management of thyroid function are recommended for patients with SCH to prevent the progression of cardiac dysfunction. Further research should explore the benefits of early intervention and the potential role of thyroid hormone replacement therapy in reducing cardiovascular risks.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Keywords:</strong> Subclinical hypothyroidism, Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, Thyroid function, Echocardiography, Cardiovascular risk</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> Satyabrata Sahoo, Rakesh Chandra Behera, Sunita Sethy, Tushar Kantee Behera Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2929 Sat, 25 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Evaluation of Postoperative Outcomes Following Billroth-Ii Reconstruction after Subtotal Gastrectomy for Gastric Carcinoma https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2933 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Background:</strong> Gastric carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth-II reconstruction is a common surgical approach for its management. However, understanding postoperative outcomes and associated factors is essential for improving patient care.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Aim:</strong> To evaluate the postoperative outcomes, clinical presentations, and histopathological findings in patients undergoing Billroth-II reconstruction following subtotal gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study included 100 patients who underwent Billroth-II reconstruction. Data were collected on demographic, clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological characteristics using structured questionnaires and medical records. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS (version 21).</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients was 55 ± 12.3 years, with a male predominance (60%). The most common presenting symptoms were pain (60%), burning sensation (45%), and postprandial fullness (35%). Endoscopic findings revealed abnormalities in 70% of patients, with 40% showing erythema and 15% presenting with ulcer-like growths. Histopathology confirmed 80% malignant lesions, predominantly adenocarcinoma, and 20% benign lesions. Postoperative complications occurred in 25% of patients, including anastomotic leakage, wound infections, and bleeding.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Most patients presented with advanced disease, as evidenced by severe symptoms, abnormal endoscopic findings, and a high proportion of malignancies. These findings highlight the critical need for early detection and intervention to improve outcomes.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Recommendations: Enhanced screening programs targeting high-risk populations, particularly males and individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, should be implemented. Additionally, improvements in perioperative care and follow-up are essential to minimize postoperative complications.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Keywords:</strong> Gastric Carcinoma, Billroth-II Reconstruction, Subtotal Gastrectomy, Histopathology, Postoperative Outcomes, Endoscopic Findings</p> Shashi Ranjan, Himanshu Shekhar Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2933 Sat, 08 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Role of HDL-C as a Predictor of Development of Complications in Patients with Stable Decompensated Cirrhosis https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2934 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major global health issue, with a growing number of cases and a significant impact on patient health and survival. The liver plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism, including synthesizing and regulating lipoproteins. The study was done to determine the development of more accurate predictive models for CLD progression, complementing existing tools such as the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and Child-Pugh scores.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective observational cohort study was conducted at the Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, Bihar, India. The study has been conducted for 15 months after obtaining ethical clearance, i.e., from December 2022 to March 2024. Ethical approval has been obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC), IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India under letter number 836/IEC/IGIMS/2022 dated 10 December 2022.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age ± standard deviation is 48.45 ± 13.72 years. The range is 15 to 75. Eighty-one males make up the study population, which is 81% male. Nineteen females represent 19% of the total. P-values were found to be significant at less than 0.05 at three months, six months, and twelve months in both CTP and MELD levels while correlating with HDL. The main complications that were observed were acute kidney injury, ascites, variceal bleeding, and SBP.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum HDL-C has emerged as a strong predictor of complication in patients with stable decompensated patients. It has the potential to become an essential part of management strategies, aiding in the prioritization of patients with decompensated CLD for liver transplantation. However, larger, multicenter prospective studies are necessary to validate these findings before recommending the routine use of HDL-C in clinical settings.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Keywords: </strong>Chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, High-density lipoprotein, Liver, ascites, Acute Kidney Injury</p> Ujjwal Kumar, Prakash Chandra Mishra, V.M. Dayal, S.K. Jha, Ravikant Kumar Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2934 Sat, 08 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Comparative Analysis of Hemodynamic Responses in Thoracic Segmental Spinal Anes-thesia versus General Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2935 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Background:</strong> Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred surgical approach for gallbladder removal, offering benefits such as reduced postoperative pain and faster recovery. Anesthesia choice plays a crucial role in influencing surgical outcomes, patient recovery, and satisfaction. While (GA) is traditionally employed, thoracic segmental Spinal Anesthesia (TSSA) has emerged as a viable alternative with potential benefits in hemodynamic stability and recovery.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Aim:</strong> This study aims to compare the hemodynamic changes, postoperative pain, and recovery profiles between thoracic segmental SA and GA in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 90 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a tertiary care center. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either TSSA or GA. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored intraoperatively, and postoperative pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale. Recovery markers such as time to ambulation and complication rates were also recorded.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Results:</strong> Patients receiving TSSA demonstrated significantly better intraoperative hemodynamic stability and lower postoperative pain scores compared to the GA group. The TSSA group experienced earlier ambulation and fewer postoperative complications such as nausea and vomiting. Statistical analysis showed significant differences with p-values less than 0.05 across most measured outcomes.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> TSSA provides superior hemodynamic stability, reduced pain levels, and faster recovery compared to GA in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, making it a beneficial alternative for this procedure.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Recommendations:</strong> Further studies should explore the scalability of TSSA in other abdominal surgeries and evaluate long-term outcomes. Hospitals should consider training anesthesia providers in TSSA techniques to broaden its application.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Thoracic Segmental Spinal Anesthesia, General Anesthesia, Postoperative Recovery, Hemodynamic Stability</em></p> Rajeev Kumar, Akhil Piyush, Shalini Sharma, Sudama Prasad Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2935 Mon, 10 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Transverse Myelitis: Physiotherapy Assessment and Rehabilitative Interventions – A Review of Literature https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2941 <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Objective:</strong> Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disorder characterized by relatively acute onset of motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunction. Children comprise 20% of total cases of ATM. In this review, we described the current literature on ATM, focusing on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, approach to diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and outcome in the affected population.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Materials</strong> <strong>&amp; Methods:</strong> We searched the related articles in electronic databases such as Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Springer and PubMed. All study designs were included.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Results:</strong> The related data focusing on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach and differential diagnosis, treatment and outcome of ATM were gathered and described.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study concluded that no standard protocol for physiotherapy assessment and management is identified. The exercise program needs to incorporate task based functional training and recent advances such as Robotic therapy and Virtual Reality.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Keywords: </strong>Acute transverse myelitis, Transverse Myelitis, Transverse myelopathy, Acquired demyelinating syndromes, Myelitis, Physiotherapy in ATM.</p> Chaahat Jaiswal, Shashiranjan Singh, Sumit Asthana Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://ijmbs.info/index.php/ijmbs/article/view/2941 Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000