Diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism in Pregnant Patients

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a primary contributor to maternal death. Pregnancy induces physiological changes that heighten the likelihood of thromboembolic events due to increased blood coagulation and reduced blood flow in the veins. Diagnosing PE during pregnancy is difficult since the symptoms often resemble those of a normal pregnancy, and there is a need to limit the amount of radiation exposure to the foetus. The objective of this study is to assess the frequency, determinants, and consequences of pulmonary embolism in pregnant individuals in order to enhance medical procedures and enhance the well-being of both the mother and the foetus.

Methods: A total of 220 pregnant patients with suspected PE were enrolled. Data were collected through patient interviews, medical record reviews, and diagnostic imaging. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 19.0.

Results: Out of 220 participants, 210 completed the study. The prevalence of PE was 16.7%. Significant risk factors included a history of thrombosis (p = 0.02), obesity (p = 0.01), and smoking (p = 0.03). Logistic regression identified these factors as independent predictors. Maternal outcomes showed no mortality, but there was a higher incidence of fetal loss (8.6%) and preterm delivery (20.0%) among patients diagnosed with PE.

Conclusion: The study identified a significant incidence of PE among pregnant patients, with key risk factors being thrombosis history, obesity, and smoking. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to reduce adverse outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to enhance care for pregnant patients with suspected PE.

Recommendations: Routine screening for PE risk factors, using D-dimer testing combined with bilateral lower limb CUS, and adopting a multidisciplinary approach involving relevant specialists are crucial for improving diagnosis and management of PE in pregnant patients. This strategy enhances early identification, minimizes unnecessary radiation exposure, and ensures comprehensive, tailored care.

Keywords: Pulmonary Embolism, Pregnancy, Hypercoagulability, Thrombosis, Diagnostic Imaging..