Evaluation of Relationship Between PCOS and Vitamin D

Abstract

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects 4-20% of women of childbearing age globally and is associated with irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgens, and polycystic ovaries. Untreated, it can lead to complications like infertility, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Recent research suggests a link between vitamin D deficiency and PCOS, highlighting vitamin D's role in insulin regulation, reproductive health, and mitigating associated risks. Genetic variations may influence its efficacy in treating PCOS Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the association of several parameters and clinical features of PCOS with that of patients with vitamin D deficiency and with normal level Methods: The study involved 90 women with PCOS, divided into two groups based on vitamin D levels: Group 1 (?29 ng/mL) and Group 2 (?30 ng/mL), each comprising 45 participants. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, and hormonal data were collected and analyzed. Correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between vitamin D levels and various metabolic and hormonal parameters, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Group 1 exhibited significantly higher BMI (29.5 vs. 26.0 kg/m², p = 0.010), waist circumference (92.0 vs. 83.0 cm, p = 0.025), fasting glucose (93.0 vs. 81.0 mg/dL, p = 0.020), and HOMA-IR (3.8 vs. 3.4, p = 0.040) compared to Group 2. Vitamin D levels showed significant negative correlations with BMI (p = 0.001), LH (p = 0.021), and DHEA-S (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The study concludes that women with PCOS and lower vitamin D levels (25(OH)D3 < 29 ng/mL) exhibited significantly higher BMI, fasting glucose, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and androgen levels (testosterone, DHEA-S, LH) compared to those with adequate vitamin D levels (25(OH)D3 ? 30 ng/mL).

Keywords:  Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Vitamin D Deficiency, Metabolic Profile, Hormonal Imbalance, Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).