ASSESSMENT OF HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF DISEASE SEVERITY AND PATIENT MANAGEMENT

Abstract

ackground: CLD is one of the most complex health challenges on a global scale and it leads to diverse haematological and biochemical changes. It is imperative therefore to assess these parameters in order to incurred progress and progression of the diseases as well as in handling the patients. The present research proposal seeks to evaluate serum concentration of haematological and biochemical indices in patient with CLD condition and their correlation with the severity of liver diseases. Objective: Thus, the aims of the present cross sectional case control study are: to find out any significant difference in haematological and biochemical parameters between the CLD patients and healthy individuals and to assess how these parameters are related to severity of liver disease. Methods: To address these questions, current cross- sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital for six months. In total a group of 150 CLD patients and 50 healthy controls matched for age. A complete blood count, platelet count, hemoglobin, white blood cell count and serum bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, albumin and INR, where done. To determine the severity of liver disease classification was done by clinical criteria and imaging. Statistical significances of CLD patients and controls were calculated, and relations between several parameters and the severity of liver function were identified. Results: In individual clinical parameters we observed anemia and thrombocytopenia more popular in CLD patients compared to healthy volunteers, respectively: hemoglobin – (12, 1 ± 1, 8 g/dL vs 14 ,5 ± 1, 2 g/dL) P < 0, 001, platelet count – (130 ± 45 x10^3/?L vs 250 ± 55 Serum bilirubin was elevated (3. 2 ± 1. 5 mg/dL vs. 0. 8 ± 0. 3 mg/dL), and liver enzyme levels (AST: GOT: 90 ± 35 U/L, ALT: 85 ± 30 U/L and ALP: 150 ± 40 U/L were markedly elevated in CLD patients, p < 0. 001 for all. The serum albumin level was relatively lower in patients with CLD 3. 0 ± 0. 6 g/dL as compared to 4. 5 ± 0. 4 g/dL in normal subjects; similarly, INR was also raised 1. 8 ± 0. 5 compared to 1. 0 ± 0. 2 in normal patient’s correlation coefficient was -0. 3848

Conclusion: Specifically, the findings of the study revealed that CLD patients had severally deranged haematological and biochemical profiles as compared to healthy subjects. Decreased levels of Hb and Platelet count and high levels of bilirubin, liver enzymes, ALP, reduced albumin and raised INR are envisages of liver pathology. Thus, these observations highlight the necessity of performing the regular haematological and biochemical investigations in the case of CLD patients, to assess the progress of the disease and determine the most appropriate treatment.

Keywords: Chronic Liver Disease, Hematological Parameters Elevated, Markers of the liver injury, Liver Function, Disease Severity.