Comprehensive Analysis of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Clinical Features, Risk Factors, and Radiological Patterns

Abstract

Background Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a neurological disorder with diverse clinical presentations and outcomes. This study aims to explore the clinical and radiological spectrum of PRES in a large cohort.

Methods A prospective observational study was conducted at a major medical center in Bhubaneswar, involving 150 patients diagnosed with PRES. Data collected over two years included symptoms, imaging findings, precipitating factors, and treatment responses, focusing on the reversibility and outcomes of the condition.

Results Most impacted were the parieto-occipital lobes (85%), with significant involvement in the frontal, temporal, cerebellum, and brain stem. Mostly caused by hypertension (45%), renal impairment (20%), and immunosuppressive medication (15%). Patients with high hypertension and renal failure had more imaging abnormalities and a slower recovery rate. Management improved clinical and radiological outcomes in 90% of patients within three weeks.

Conclusion: The study emphasises the heterogeneity in clinical presentations and the need of early PRES detection and therapy. Reversing PRES and improving patient outcomes requires controlling triggering conditions such hypertension and renal failure. This research illuminates PRES's aetiology and best management options, confirming its reversibility with timely and proper treatment.

Keywords: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome, Clinical Presentation, Radiological Findings, Hypertension Management