Age, Sex, and Hemoglobin Levels Influence Arteriovenous Fistula Failure in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Abstract

Persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasing in number every year. End-stage CKD patients experience damage to kidney structure and function, therefore need kidney replacement therapy such as hemodialysis. Hemodialysis (HD) requires access to the bloodstream i.e. arteriovenous fistula (AVF) which is a permanent and most widely used HD access route. Arteriovenous fistulas are influenced by various factors that can affect their success for HD. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of age, sex, and Hb levels with AVF failure in CKD patients. This study used a cross-sectional design in 89 patients in whom an AVF was created. The study was conducted from February to June 2023, using secondary data from patient medical records according to inclusion criteria from January to December 2022 at a private hospital in Pekanbaru, Sumatra, Indonesia. Data analysis was carried out using the chi-squared test at a significance level of p<0.05. The majority of respondents in this study were aged 46-59 years and 62 (69.7%) were females.  Mean Hb level was 9.15±0.92 g/dL and patients with diabetes and hypertension accounted for 51.7% and 73%, respectively. The results of the chi-squared test of age, sex, and Hb levels with AVF failure showed a significant relationship at p=0.045, p=0.029, and p=0.005, respectively. This study showed that there was a significant association of age, sex, and Hb levels with AVF failure in CKD patients.

Keywords: age, sex, Hb level, AVF failure, chronic kidney disease