Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Analysis of Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Parameters in Patients with Febrile Illness

Abstract

Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Brucella species, commonly presenting with febrile illness. It poses a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with high animal husbandry activity. Understanding the seroprevalence of brucellosis and its associated hematological, biochemical, and immunological changes is vital for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis among patients presenting with febrile illness and to analyze the associated changes in hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over six months, enrolling 150 patients presenting with febrile illness. Blood samples were collected for brucellosis serology using the standard Rose Bengal test (RBT) and serum agglutination test (SAT). Hematological parameters were analyzed using a complete blood count (CBC), while biochemical and immunological parameters were assessed through liver function tests (LFT), kidney function tests (KFT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.

Results: Of the 150 patients, 25% tested positive for brucellosis. Among the positive cases, 40% had leukopenia, 30% showed elevated liver enzymes, and 20% had elevated CRP levels. Biochemical analysis revealed that 15% of brucellosis-positive patients had elevated kidney function markers. The immunological tests indicated higher IgG and IgM levels in 50% of the patients.

Conclusion: The seroprevalence of brucellosis in febrile patients is significant. Hematological, biochemical, and immunological abnormalities are commonly observed in brucellosis-infected patients. These findings emphasize the need for prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent complications.

Keywords: Brucellosis, seroprevalence, febrile illness, hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, immunological parameters, Rose Bengal test, agglutination test.