Prevalence of Deficiency of Vitamin D in Patients with Exacerbations of Bronchial Asthma

Abstract

Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that is characterized by episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing. Several factors contribute to the exacerbation of asthma, including environmental allergens, respiratory infections, and systemic inflammation. Recent studies have suggested that vitamin D may play a role in the regulation of immune responses and airway inflammation, which could potentially impact asthma exacerbations.

Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with acute exacerbations of bronchial asthma.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital with acute exacerbations of bronchial asthma. Blood samples were collected to measure serum vitamin D levels, and patients were categorized based on their vitamin D status: deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20-30 ng/mL), and sufficient (>30 ng/mL).

Results: Of the 100 patients, 60% were found to be vitamin D deficient, 20% had insufficient levels, and 20% had sufficient vitamin D levels. A significant correlation was observed between low vitamin D levels and the frequency of asthma exacerbations.

Conclusion: The study shows a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients experiencing acute exacerbations of bronchial asthma. This suggests that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the worsening of asthma symptoms, highlighting the need for further research on the potential therapeutic role of vitamin D in asthma management.

Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency, bronchial asthma, exacerbations, prevalence, immune response.