Sero-predominance of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections Among Blood Donors at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in North Bihar, India

Abstract

Background: Blood transfusion is a critical therapeutic intervention that saves millions of lives worldwide. However, transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), such as Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and Syphilis, pose significant health risks to recipients. Despite advancements in screening and testing protocols, TTIs continue to be a public health concern, especially in resource-limited settings. Blood donation practices in regions like North Bihar still face challenges due to a higher proportion of replacement donors and insufficient screening methods.

Aim: This study aims to assess the sero-predominance of TTIs among blood donors at a tertiary care teaching hospital in North Bihar, India, and to identify the demographic and infection-related factors correlated with TTI positivity.

Methods: This retrospective study included 125 blood donors who donated blood at Madhubani Medical College and Hospital, Bihar, over a two-year period. Donor records were reviewed for demographic data and screening results for TTIs (HBV, HCV, HIV, Syphilis, and Malaria). The sero-predominance of TTIs was analyzed, and statistical tests (Chi-square) were applied to determine the association between donor demographics and infection status. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0.

Results: Out of 125 blood donors, 10 (8%) tested positive for TTIs. The most common infection was Hepatitis B (4%), followed by HIV (1.6%), HCV (1.6%), and Syphilis (0.8%). No cases of Malaria were detected. TTIs were more prevalent among male donors (9 out of 10 cases) and the 31-40 years age group (40%).

Conclusion: The sero-predominance of TTIs among blood donors in this region is notable, with Hepatitis B being the most prevalent infection. While the study found no significant association between gender and TTI positivity, it highlights the necessity for enhanced screening practices, especially for voluntary donors. Further, age-specific screening strategies may be useful in identifying high-risk groups.

Recommendations: It is recommended to strengthen voluntary blood donation programs, increase awareness regarding infection prevention, and implement nucleic acid testing (NAT) to improve blood safety. Regular health education for donors and healthcare workers is essential to mitigate the risks of TTIs.

Keywords: Sero-predominance, Transfusion-Transmitted Infections, Blood Donation, Hepatitis B, Blood Safety