Early Breast Cancer - Recent Advances in Imaging and Management

Abstract

Recent advances in the imaging and management of early breast cancer have substantially improved detection rates and patient outcomes, marking a significant evolution in clinical practice. Innovations in imaging modalities, including digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) and molecular imaging, have enhanced the accuracy and sensitivity of screening, allowing for earlier and more precise identification of breast tumours. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning further augments diagnostic capabilities by automating image analysis and enabling personalized risk assessments. In management, personalized treatment strategies guided by genomic profiling tools, such as Oncotype DX and MammaPrint, have optimized therapeutic approaches, reducing overtreatment and associated side effects.

Advances in minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), oncoplastic surgery and nipple-sparing mastectomy, have improved surgical outcomes by minimizing morbidity and preserving cosmetic results. Meanwhile, innovative radiotherapy approaches, including hypofractionated radiotherapy and intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), have reduced treatment duration and side effects without compromising efficacy. The development of targeted therapies and immunotherapy has provided new, effective options for specific breast cancer subtypes, enhancing progression-free survival and overall patient care.

Future trends in imaging and management such as the expanded use of AI, new molecular imaging techniques and advances in personalized medicine are expected to further transform early breast cancer care. These innovations hold the potential to improve precision, reduce the treatment burden and enhance patient outcomes. This paper discusses the recent advances, their impact on clinical outcomes and the future directions that may shape the continued evolution of early breast cancer management.

Keywords: Early breast cancer, imaging techniques, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM), molecular imaging, artificial intelligence (AI), personalized treatment, genomic profiling, Oncotype DX, MammaPrint, minimally invasive surgery, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), oncoplastic surgery, nipple-sparing mastectomy, hypofractionated radiotherapy, intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), targeted therapies, immunotherapy, breast cancer management.