Management of Squamous Cell Papilloma on The Lateral Border of The Tongue Using Excision Surgery: A case report

Abstract

Background: Squamous cell papilloma is a benign epithelial proliferation of the oral mucosa, commonly associated with low-risk human papillomavirus infection. It typically presents as a small, solitary, asymptomatic lesion. However, lesions arising on the lateral border of the tongue may raise diagnostic concern due to the high-risk nature of this anatomical site for malignancy.

Case Presentation: A 52-year-old female presented with a six-month history of a thickened and irregular sensation on the right lateral border of the tongue and was not associated with any symptoms. Clinical examination revealed a lobulated exophytic mass measuring approximately 3 × 2 × 2 cm. Given the lesion’s size and location, an incisional biopsy was performed, and histopathological examination demonstrated stratified squamous epithelium with papilomatosis, acanthosis, and hyperkeratosis without dysplasia, consistent with squamous cell papilloma.

Management and Outcome: Definitive surgical excision was performed under general anesthesia due to lesion size, anatomical considerations, and controlled systemic hypertension (ASA II). Complete surgical excision was achieved with preservation of tongue function, minimize the risk of recurrence and promote optimal healing. Postoperative healing was uneventful, and no recurrence was observed at 2 weeks follow-up.

Conclusion: Large squamous cell papillomas of the lateral tongue are uncommon and may clinically mimic more serious pathology. Histopathological confirmation is essential for definitive diagnosis. Careful surgical planning, including general anaesthesia selection, ensures favourable functional outcomes and low recurrence risk. Awareness of atypical presentations, accurate diagnosis and appropriate clinical management lead to excellent prognosis.

Keywords: Squamous cell papilloma; lateral tongue; oral surgery; case report