Neurosonographic Assessment of Intracranial Hemorrhage, Periventricular Leukomalacia and Ventriculomegaly in Preterm Neonates

Abstract

Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhages, perinatal asphyxia, and congenital defects increase the risk of neurological problems in preterm infants. Appropriate care of these disorders depends on early detection. Cranial ultrasonography is a non-invasive method of diagnosing such diseases at the patient's bedside.

Aims: To investigate how neurosonograms can be used to identify several intracranial abnormalities in preterm newborns, including as ventriculomegaly, periventricular leukomalacia, intracranial hemorrhage, and other evolutionary changes.

Material and methods: The current study employed prospective research. From June 2025 to December 2025, this study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis  &        Pediatrics at Shyamlal Chandrashekhar Medical College & Hospital, Khagaria, Bihar, India. Our study included 50 patients.

Result: Five patients (10.0%) had IVHG1, five patients (10.0%) had IVHG3, five patients (10.0%) had IVHG4, thirty patients (60.0%) had Normal Impression, and five patients (10.0%) had PVE in our study. Z has a value of 8. P has a value of less than.00001. At p <.05., the outcome is significant.

Conclusion: In this cohort investigation of high-risk preterm and term newborns, the most common lesions seen on CUS were congenital anomalies, cerebral edema, thalamic hyper-echogenicity, PVL, and GMH-IVH. A number of unfavorable perinatal fetal and maternal factors were shown to be significantly correlated with abnormal CUS results.

Keywords: Preterm neonates, Cranial USG, Haemorrhages, CUS and PVL.