PREVALENCE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Introduction: Thyroid hormone deficiency can lead to adverse health effects even death, if left untreated. It is a pathological condition known as hypothyroidism. Most common symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults are weight gain, fatigue, lethargy, cold intolerance, constipation, and dry skin. These clinical presentations can differ with age and sex, among other factors. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), is associated with an increased risk of developing a number of clinical conditions, like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, lung disease, malignant condition, and psychiatric disorders, both before and after the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the chronic endocrine disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting in impaired insulin secretion insulin resistance.

Material and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at OPD of Dept. of Medicine at Govt. Doon Medical College and Hospital. The study period was between jan2019 to August 2019. The anthropometric measurements and demographic characteristics of patients included in the study were recorded. The clinical details and medications are entered into Excel sheet of Microsoft Excel 2013. Biochemical tests were done and reports were entered.

Results: Prevalence of hypothyroidism in T2DM is found to be 10.94% in our study. Average BMI was observed to be 28.01 kg/m² with SD of 3.39 kg/m². Level of T3 and T4 were observed to be 0.98(0.23) ng/ml and 1.24(0.29) ng/ml respectively. Fasting blood glucose level was 133.05(17.81) mg/dl and post prandial blood glucose level was 201.54(27.33) mg/dl. Among all 112 patients, 71(63.39%) of cases had a family history of diabetes.

Conclusion: It is noted that one-tenth of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has hypothyroidism. BMI was noted to be more than 28 kg/m² among all patients. Hypothyroidism may be prevalent in T2DM patients due to duration of diabetes, obesity. To confirm the findings, more studies in this area are required.

Keywords: T2DM, Hypothyroidism, TSH, T3, T4.