Congenital Upper Gastrointestinal Structural Anomalies in Infants with Special Reference to Oesophageal Anomalies at Tertiary Care Institute in Central India

Abstract

A wide spectrum of congenital anomalies may affect the upper gastrointestinal tract, including anomalies of the esophagus (e.g., atresia, fistulas, webs, duplications, vascular rings), stomach (e.g., congenital gastric outlet obstruction, duplications), and duodenum (e.g., atresia, annular pancreas, duplications, malrotation).

Method: - A descriptive study was done prospectively and approximately 46 patients were included for a period of 15 months. All infants with congenital gastrointestinal anomalies who were admitted in paediatric medicine or surgery ward in Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital and Gandhi Memorial Hospital.

Result: - In the present study, the incidence of low birth weight babies was approximately 54.35% according to the WHO definition but in normal Indian population, the incidence of low birth rate (< 2.5kg) is 13.04% of all live births (World health report, 1995) among the 31 patients of esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula, the sex distribution showed that male patients were more than the double of female patients.

Conclusion: - CT and MR imaging are unsuitable for general screening because of the need for patient sedation and monitoring, but they do provide superb anatomic detail and added diagnostic specificity. They are especially useful in demonstrating esophageal duplications and vascular rings as well as associated abnormalities.